Publisher : Earthscan Publications Ltd.
Place of publication : London
Publication year : 2002
Thematic : CITES
Language : English
Note
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is one of the oldest multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and arguably the most powerful. First drawn up in 1973 and entering into force in 1976, the
Convention provides a specific tool to control and monitor international trade in plant and animal species.
Implementation of CITES is a complex process covering a very wide range of species and products
derived from them; with activities taking place at national and international levels; and with many
different types of organisations involved in the decision making processes. The level of complexity has perhaps inevitably increased over the 30 years since CITES first came into being. Policing international trade in endangered species by Rosalind Reeve sets
out to provide a comprehensive analysis of the system that has evolved to implement and enforce CITES, and to achieve compliance with its provisions.
Compliance is generally understood in international law to be behavior that conforms with the specific rules set out by the MEA. In the case of CITES, compliance hinges on provisions relating to species listed in three Appendices, which contain in total over 30,000 species. Appendix I includes ‘species threatened
with extinction which are or may be affected by trade’. International trade for ‘primarily commercial purposes’ in such species—including rhinos, tigers,
marine turtles and a few rare and prized orchids—is,
in effect, banned by the Convention. Appendix II includes the majority of listed species including, for example, the entire orchid family, except for the few
species in Appendix I, all species of sturgeon and crocodiles. For these species, trade is only allowed with an export license issued by the range state following a determination that the export is nondetrimental to the survival of the species and the trade complies with national law. Appendix III species are listed unilaterally by individual countries that require international cooperation to control the trade.
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Keywords : Crustacea
Encoded by : Christmas de Guzman
