| Citation |
Csorba, G., Bumrungsri, S., Francis, C., Bates, P., Gumal, M., Kingston, T., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Cynopterus brachyotis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T6103A12432460. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6103A12432460.en. Downloaded on 29 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant
Cambodia; China; India (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Nagaland, Maharashtra, Karnataka); Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatera); Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
Presence Uncertain
Philippines
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,600 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
0 metres
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
>2,000
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
>20,000
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This widespread species ranges from South Asia, through parts of southern China to parts of Southeast Asia. In South Asia, this species is presently known from Bangladesh (Sylhet division) (Sarker and Sarker 2005; Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2005), India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) and Sri Lanka (North Central, Uva and Western provinces) (Srinivasulu et al. in press; Molur et al. 2002). In southern China, it has been recorded from Guangdong, with possible records from Xizang (Medog) and southern Yunnan (Wang 2002; Smith and Xie 2008). In continental Southeast Asia, it is known from southern Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Viet Nam (identity of records from northern Viet Nam need verification), Cambodia (known only from Phnom Phen [G. Csorba pers. comm.]), and Peninsular Malaysia. In Insular Southeast Asia, it is known from the islands of Sumatra and Java (Indonesia), Borneo (Indonesia and Malaysia only), the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia), the island of Timor (East Timor and Indonesia), the Talaud Islands (Indonesia) and Ternate Island (Indonesia). It might be present on the island of Palawan in the Philippines, but this requires confirmation.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Unknown
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
No
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
In northeast India, the population is stable and it is common but not as abundant as Cynopterus sphinx (Tarapada Bhattacharyya pers. comm. June 2005), while in southern India it is rare (C. Srinvasulu pers. comm. September, 2007). In Southeast Asia, it is generally locally abundant and most common in disturbed and residential areas, however, is locally rare in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand (Campbell et al. 2004).
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial
HABITAT TYPE
Artificial/Terrestrial, Forest
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This species can be found from habitats ranging from orchards, gardens to forested tracts. It roosts in palms especially seed clusters of palms either solitary or in small groups of a few individuals in rural and urban landscapes and in forested areas. Bears a single young after a gestation period of 105-120 days (Bates and Harrison 1997). In South Asia, the species is believed to be more restricted to higher elevations when compared to C. sphinx, making it specifically a hill forest species.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Marginal
1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Suitable
1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
14. Artificial/Terrestrial 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations Suitable
14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens Suitable
14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas Marginal
Threats
Threats in detail
THREATS
There are no major threats to this species as a whole. In South Asia, this species is locally threatened by deforestation, generally resulting from logging operations and the conversion of land to agricultural and other uses (Molur et al. 2002).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus |
