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Description |
Asia: India, Nepal and upper Myanmar. Reported from Bhutan (Ref. 40882).
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: The species is known from India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, North Bengal, Sikkim, Darjeeling); Nepal (Narayangarh, Khairenitar, Tribeni, Nepal Terai); Bhutan (Tora River, Phuntshaling). Day (1878) reported that it inhabited the rivers of Assam, especially in the upper portion but was also found as low as Goalpara and Myanmar. However, Menon (2004) remarked that the fish is confined to upper Assam. Mukerji (1933) included this species in the list of fishes of Mali Hka river, upper Myanmar without giving systematic accounts. However, Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000) remarked that the species is perhaps present only in the Ganga-Brahmaputra drainage. A record from Mahanudi, Orissa, in India, requires confirmation given the habitat requirements of the species.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Darjiling, Sikkim); Nepal
Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Yes
Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2: 115991
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Yes
Continuing decline in number of locations: Yes
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population:
Day (1978) reported that the fish is found in rivers of Assam especially in the upper portion but found as low as Goalpara. However, Menon (1989, 2004) and Sen (1985) reported that the fish is restricted to upper Assam and has declined in number and size. Population of this species is declining due to overfishing. Population during the past years has declined in more than 30% although further research is needed to confirm actual rates (Chaudhry pers. comm. 2010).
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
?Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
?Population severely fragmented: Yes
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: The species inhabits moderate to fast flowing mountain streams and rivers with rocky beds. Juveniles inhabit shallow and fast flowing water, while larger ones inhabit deeper water where water current is comparatively slow. Benthopelagic. The species is gregarious and susceptible to population depletion.
Systems: Freshwater
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Congregatory: Congregatory (and dispersive)
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: This minor carp grows to a large size, attaining a length of 60 cm and contributes a small fishery in Arunachal Pradesh (Talwar and Jhingran 1991). According to to Day (1878), the fish is often termed Rajamas (king fish) in upper Assam, as it was asserted that when captured it has to be taken to the Rajahs (King) for their own consumption. Shreshtha (1997) suggested the possibility of developing a recreational fishery for the species in Nepal.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s):
The species is threatened mainly due to overexploitation, habitat loss, deforestation and pollution. During recent survey number of mature individuals were rarely observed.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions:
further work is required to confirm the species distribution, especially the records from Myanmar and Orissa, India. The species was reported from the Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve (Datta and Barman 1985). Menon (2004) considered it endangered and recommended a sanctuary may be set up in a suitable stream in upper Assam.
Citation: Singh, L. 2010. Cyprinion semiplotum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T166578A6239963. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166578A6239963.en. Downloaded on 15 April 2016.
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