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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This species is native to southern and south eastern Asia. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Viet Nam. The species is cultivated in China (Xiwen et al. 2007). The species is found from 300 to 1,100 m asl and it has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) that exceeds 2,500,000 km2.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Bangladesh; Cambodia; India (Andaman Is., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura); Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam
Additional data:
? Lower elevation limit (metres): 300
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 1100
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: This is a common species. In India the species grows gregariously (Singh et al. 2014). Within Bangladesh it is the dominant tree species within semi evergreen tropical rainforest (Biswas et al. 2008). It has a generation length of 100 years. The species has experienced between 30-50% population reduction in the last three generations (300 years). This species is continuing to decline and in the future will decline but at a lower rate. This is due to forest clearance for the expansion of agriculture and exploitation of the species which is continuing.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This large tree species can grow to over 45 m in height (Singh et al. 2014). It is found in moist tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous forests (Singh et al. 2014). The species is typical on basalt soils. The species shows preference to very high humidity but it sensitive to fire; it is also only shade tolerant as a seedling (Ecocrop 1993-2007). Within Bangladesh it is the dominant tree species within semi evergreen tropical rain forest. It can also be found in both disturbed and undisturbed sites (Biswas et al. 2008). Presence of the species encourages diverse understory and shrub layers (Chowdhury et al. 2000). In Bangladesh and India the species flowers between January and March with fruiting occurring in May and June (Singh et al. 2014, Hossain et al. 2017). The species habitat is currently in decline in both extent and quality.
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Generation Length (years): 100
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: This tree is used for timber (Mark et al. 2015). It belongs to the genus Dipterocarpus which produce commercially valuable medium hardwood that have the trade name Keruing. The wood is used for construction, interior decoration, the production of plywood and canoes. It is also widely used in the production of railways (Singh et al. 2014, Hossain et al. 2008). The species also produces a commercially valuable oleoresin which can be tapped. The oil has variety of common names, in Bangladesh it is called Garjan oil (Hossain et al. 2008) and in Myanmar it is called Kanyin oil (Shiva et al. 1998). It can be used to treat medical ailments such as ulcers and ringworm and is also used a diuretic (Hossain et al. 2008). Resins are also used for caulking boats and as they burn well they are used in torch production. The species is found in plantations across its range (Weinland 1998). The species is cultivated in China (Yunnan) for its resin.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): The species is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Habitat is continuing to decline in area, extent and quality due to agricultural expansion. The species is also threatened by selective logging for timber. It is also tapped much more frequently than other Dipterocarpus species. This process is very damaging to the tree and is a further threat to the species.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This species is reported from five ex situ collections (BGCI 2017), more ex situ collections of this species should be made which are representative of the species entire range. The species also occurs in protected areas. Dipterocarpus species are considered a priority species for conservation in many of the countries in this species native range (Luoma-aho et al. 2003). It is recommended that population and habitat decline be monitored and necessary in situ habitat conservation put in place. The harvest and trade of the species should also be monitored and restricted as required. The genetic structure of the species should also be studied, in particular to ensure there is no loss of diversity due to the species wide use in plantations.
Citation: Ly, V., Nanthavong, K., Hoang, V.S., Luu, H.T., Barstow, M., Vu, V.D., Nguyen, H.N., Khou, E. & Newman, M. 2017. Dipterocarpus turbinatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T33016A2831137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33016A2831137.en. Downloaded on 14 December 2017.
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