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Description |
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and along the coast of India to the Philippines, north to Japan, south to Australia.
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Acanthopagrus latus, formerly considered a widely distributed Indo-West Pacific species, is currently recognized as occurring only in the east Asian shelf area. This species is known to occur from the Pacific coasts of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu Islands, Japan (but not the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands or Sea of Japan), southern Korea, Taiwan, China (from Shanghai to southern China) and northern Viet Nam (south to Hue) (Iwatsuki 2013). This species occurs to 50 m depth (Randall 1995).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
China; Hong Kong; Japan; Korea, Republic of; Taiwan, Province of China; Viet Nam
FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Native:
Pacific – northwest
Additional data:
? Lower depth limit (metres): 50
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: Acanthopagrus latus populations in Chinese waters have declined from overfishing and have been greatly affected by anthropogenic activities (Xia et al. 2005). In Chinese waters, evidence of differences in genetic structure between southern and northern populations indicated that ocean straits and other barriers substantially limit gene flow, with implications for management of stocks (Xia et al. 2008a).
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Acanthpagrus latus occurs in shallow coastal waters and enters river mouths and estuaries; depth range to about 50 m (Randall, 1995). It is a schooling species and often feeds on tidal flats (Kuiter and Tonozuka 2001) feeding mainly on echinoderms, worms, crustaceans and molluscs. The maximum length for this species is 50 cm TL (Mathews and Samuel 1991) and is common to 30 cm TL (Bauchot and Smith 1984). The maximum published weight: is 1,500 g (IGFA 2001).
Reproduction
Acanthopagrus latus is a protandrous hermaphrodite (Buxton and Garratt 1990); however, there is a divergence of opinion as to whether all of the individuals of A. latus are protandrous hermaphrodites or whether all or some individuals are essentially gonochorists (Kinoshita 1939, Abu-Hakima 1984, Abol-Munafi and Umeda 1994, Abou-Seedo et al. 2003). In the Guangdong Province China, this species spawns in late winter (Xia et al. 2008). In Taiwan, adults spawn in autumn (October) in coastal waters and the larvae move to estuaries (Hu 1983). The larvae of A. latus drift southward with the coastal current toward the western coast of Taiwan, but a branch of the warm Kuroshio Current stops the cold China Coastal Current in the middle of Taiwan Strait, which limits the southward transport of larvae (Chang et al. 2002). Eggs of this species hatch at about 60 h, or two to three days after spawning (Liu and Hu 1980).
Systems: Freshwater; Marine
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: Acanthopagrus latus is mainly exploited by artisanal fisheries and is sold fresh in markets. Acanthopagrus latus is used in Chinese medicine (Tang 1987).
In Taiwan, there have been attempts at artificial spawning (Liu and Hu 1980) and wild larvae and juveniles have been harvested in estuaries for restocking and artificial propagation for many years (Chang et al. 2002, Leu et al. 1991).
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Over the past 20 years, resources of A. latus in China have declined rapidly as a result of overfishing (Xia et al. 2008).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Information for species specific conservation efforts for A. latus is limited. The distribution of this species overlaps with marine protected areas in Taiwan (Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management 2012). There is a need for additional research on the population trends, conservation, biology and threats for A. latus.
Citation: Russell, B. & Pollard, D. 2014. Acanthopagrus latus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T170263A1304848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170263A1304848.en. Downloaded on 10 July 2017.
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