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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Gnetum latifolium is known from tropical SE Asia ranging from India (Nicobar and Andaman Islands), Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Malaysia (Peninsula Malaysia, Borneo), Indonesia (incl. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Maluku, Papua), Philippines, to Papua New Guinea (New Guinea, Bismarck archipelago) and Solomon Islands. It is possible that the species also occurs in southern China and in mainland India (Assam).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; India (Andaman Is., Nicobar Is.); Indonesia (Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, Sulawesi, Sumatera); Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak); Myanmar (Myanmar (mainland)); Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago, North Solomons, Papua New Guinea (main island group)); Philippines; Solomon Islands (South Solomons); Thailand; Viet Nam
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: 900000
Lower elevation limit (metres): 20
Upper elevation limit (metres): 1800
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: No population data are available for G. latifolium, but according to Hiêp and Vidal (1996) the species is relatively common at least in Indochina.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
?Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Gnetum latifolium has mostly been found in well drained primary and secondary forest on hill ridges and slopes, but also repeatedly in peat swamp and riverine forests. It was recorded to climb on Ficus and Shorea albida trees. Specimen labels indicate that it can grow on yellow clayish and sandy soil of volcanic tuff and on dark brown soil.
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: The leaves of G. latifolium are eaten as a vegetable and the seeds are eaten cooked or roasted after removing the seed-coat with irritant hairs. However, use of G. latifolium as a food source is probably not very substantial. On the Philippines G. latifolium bark is treated to gain fibre which can be used to make ropes, fishing lines and fishing nets. Apparently Gnetum ropes are very durable and appreciated. Gnetum latifolium is only used locally and if trading exists it also must be on a very local scale. Fruits, leaves and bark can be harvested without destroying the whole plant. To which extent the plant is harvested sustainable is however not known.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Parts of wild growing G. latifolium are harvested for either food (seeds and leaves) or gaining fibre (bark) and in some regions that might influence the population. However, the use does not seem to be very substantial and for example no indication of trade of G. latifolium products could be found. The major threat to this species is therefore certainly habitat loss. The species is restricted to moist tropical/subtropical lowland and lower montane forests of SE Asia. Most of the ecoregions with this habitat type are listed as threatened and very often they are critical/endangered. The threats may vary from region to region, however, logging and conversion of forest land to cash crop plantations (for example, oil palm, rubber, coffee) are the biggest and very widespread threats. Shifting agriculture, road building and burning also affect previously less accessible lower slope forests.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Gnetum latifolium occurs in protected areas on Sumatra, Java, Borneo, different islands of the Philippines, and Sulawesi. Protected areas are established in all countries and ecoregions where G. latifolium occurs. The species almost certainly has not been rated previously and no species specific conservation measures exist.
Citation: Baloch, E. 2013. Gnetum latifolium. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T194950A8926388. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194950A8926388.en. Downloaded on 01 June 2016.
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