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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Gnetum macrostachyum is known from Indochina, Thailand to Sumatra, Java and Borneo to New Guinea.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Cambodia; Indonesia (Jawa, Kalimantan, Papua, Sumatera); Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah); Myanmar; Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea (main island group)); Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam
Lower elevation limit (metres): 50
Upper elevation limit (metres): 1000
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: There is no exact population data available for G. macrostachyum. In Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam the species is described as relatively common (Hiêp and Vidal 1996). In the Flora of Ko Hong Hill, Songkla prov., Thailand it is reported as occasional (Maxwell 2006).
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
?Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Gnetum macrostachym grows in dense humid forests close to rivers on clayey-sandy red and black soils. In Thailand, Songkla Province it was found in secondary forests and overgrown Hevea rubber estates (Maxwell 2006). It is a lowland forest species, but could also be found in lower montane forests.
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: The fruits are edible when roasted and the fibre of the bark is used to make ropes. The human use of G. macrostachyum is most probably no threat to the species. Other species of Gnetum are used for the same reasons and it is likely that the G. macrostachyum is only harvested when abundant and otherwise cultivated G. gnemon or other more common species are used.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): The major threat for G. macrostachyum is through habitat loss. Many of the ecoregions the species occurs are threatened and classified as either vulnerable or critical/endangered. Original lowland forests in Indochina and Thailand have been largely deforested, in Myanmar larger blocks of intact forest remains, but its future is insecure due to the lack of protected areas. Timber exploitation of Thai companies in Myanmar are the biggest threats there. Coastal and near mangrove forests, where the species also was found are threatened by various human impacts. Gnetum macrostachyum has also been reported from dry forests ecoregions, which are threatened as well by deforestation and the lack of protected areas. Montane forests tend to be more intact, but lower montane habitats on the Islands of Sumatra and Java are critically endangered by shifting cultivation and degradation (Loucks 2001, 2001, 2001; Loucks et al. 2001; Loucks and Whitten 2001; Than and Wikramanayake 2001; Wikramanayake et al. 2001).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Gnetum macrostachyum has been found in protected areas throughout its distribution range, for example in Lao PDR (Xe Pian National Biodiversity Conservation area), in Cambodia (Phnom Kulen National Park), Thailand (Namtok Phlew National Park, Namtok Ngao National Park), Malaysia (Taman Negara National Park), Indonesia (Sumatra: Wan Abdul Rachman Park, Java: Gunung Burangrang Nature Reserve, New Guinea: Foja Game Reserve) and in Papua New Guinea (close to the Mts Albert-Edward and Victoria region). The species has not been rated previously and no species specific conservation measures exist.
Citation: Baloch, E. 2013. Gnetum macrostachyum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T194936A8922485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194936A8922485.en. Downloaded on 01 June 2016.
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