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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Gnetum microcarpum is reported from western Indochina (Thailand, Myanmar) and Malaya Peninsula to Sumatra and the nearby archipelagos Lingga Islands, Riau Islands and Anambas Islands. Possibly the species occurs on Borneo as indicated in the World Checklist of Seed Plants Database (Govaerts 2003), but no specimen data were found to support this.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Indonesia (Sumatera); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar (Myanmar (mainland)); Thailand
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: 150000
Lower elevation limit (metres): 15
Upper elevation limit (metres): 2000
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: In Thailand, Songkla Province (Maxwell 2006) G. microcarpum is described as occasional. No further information on frequency of the species is available and total number of individuals is not known.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
?Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Gnetum microcarpum has been found in open margins and canopy of secondary forest, on hill slopes and in heath forest. Specimen label information suggests that the species tolerates open sunlight. It occurs in altitudes from close to sea level to up to 2,000 m as it was reported from Gunong Tahan, the highest mountain of the Malay Peninsula.
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): The major threat for G. microcarpum is habitat loss through conversion of forests to cash crop plantations such as rubber and oil palm. Degradation after forest clearance, logging for timber, shifting agriculture and fire are further major threats to the habitats of the species (Loucks 2001, Loucks and Whitten 2001, Srikosmatara et al. 2001, Than and Wikramanayake 2001). Also at lower mountain slopes logging can be intensive and resort development can cause additional degradation in some popular montane areas on the Malaya Peninsula (Loucks 2001).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Gnetum microcarpum is known from two protected areas on the Malay Peninsula, the extensive Taman Negara National Park and the smaller Gunung Jerai Forest Reserve. On Sumatra it was found in an area in the north that is part of the Leuser Ecosystem and the Lembah Harau Protection forests in the middle of the island.
The species has not been rated previously and no species specific conservation measures exist. The Leuser Ecosystem on Sumatra is managed by the Leuser International Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that was originally funded by the European Commission and the Government of Indonesia and is now funded by the Exxon Mobil Foundation and multi-lateral grants. The WWF project "Strengthening the Protected Areas System of Peninsular Malaysia" for three years (2005-2008) and was aimed at the establishment of new protected areas and an improvement of the management of existing protected areas in Malaysia. New protected areas in focus are in the north of the Peninsula close to the border to Thailand. Gnetum microcarpum has not been reported from these areas and therefore this project might not affect the species.
Citation: Baloch, E. 2013. Gnetum microcarpum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T194918A8918435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194918A8918435.en. Downloaded on 01 June 2016.
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