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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Found in the Arabian and Oman Gulfs, east to Indonesia, the Gulf of Papua and China (Heatwole 1999). There are records from Saudia Arabia, Iran (Gasperetti 1988), Iraq (Khalaf 1959), Pakistan, India (Smith 1926), Bangladesh (Das 1994), Sri Lanka (de Silva 1996), Myanmar (Golay et al. 1993), west coast of Thailand (Bussarawit 1989), Viet Nam (Kharin 2006) and China (Zhao and Adler 1993). Its range includes Hong Kong and Australia in the east (Kharin 2004).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Australia; Bahrain; Bangladesh; China; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Kuwait; Malaysia; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; United Arab Emirates; Viet Nam
FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Native:
Indian Ocean – western; Indian Ocean – eastern; Pacific – northwest; Pacific – western central
Additional data:
? Lower depth limit (metres): 30
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: This species is relatively common in coastal waters of Borneo and northern Java (Tomascik 1997). It appears to be rather uncommon near Karachi, Pakistan (Minton 1966). Common along the south and east coasts of India (Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay and the Coromandel coast) (A. Lobo pers. comm.2009). This species is widespread by not common in museum collection, suggesting that it may occur naturally at low densities (K. Sanders pers. comm. 2010).
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species occurs in mangrove swamps and around coastal reefs (Heatwole 1975b, Minton 1966). This species forages on sand and specializes on feeding on eels.
Two specimens (out of 256 bycatch sea snakes) were collected in Madura Straits (East Java, Indonesia) in June 2010. Habitat was either sandy or muddy bottom, maximum 5 km from shore and 30 m deep (K. Sanders and Mumpun pers. comm. 2010).
Systems: Marine
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Occurs as bycatch in trawl fisheries.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: There are no known conservation measures for this species.
No sea snake species is currently listed by CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
Citation: Guinea, M., Sanders, K. & Lobo, A. 2010. Hydrophis gracilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T176765A7299914. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176765A7299914.en. Downloaded on 13 July 2016.
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