| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2016. Hylarana montivaga. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T58672A55070277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T58672A55070277.en. Downloaded on 09 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Viet Nam
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
4
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
2,000 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,500 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
3139
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is known with certainty only from approximately 1,500-2,000 m asl in Lam Dong Province, southern-central Viet Nam (Smith 1921, Orlov et al. 2002, Nguyen et al. 2009). These may not represent the actual limits of the species range as similar habitat and elevations to those in its known localities extent to adjacent areas of the Langbian Plateau. Further surveys there may serve to expand its known range, though none have since the species original description in 1921 (Smith 1921).
Records of the species in Tam Dao, northern Viet Nam (Inger et al. 1999), and Chanthaburi Province, Thailand (Chan-ard 2003), refer to populations of Odorrana nasica and Hylarana faber, respectively (Bryan Stuart pers. comm. December 2015), and are herein excluded. There is also a record of the species from Gia Lai Province in Viet Nam, however given the biogeography this area (the Kon Tum Plateau), an isolated observation on its southern edge appears unlikely (Jodi Rowley pers. comm. December 2015); this record is probably assignable to Odorrana absita (Bryan Stuart pers. comm. December 2015) and thus is also excluded. This species estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 3,139 km2, which consists of four threat-defined locations.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
No
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
Very little is known about the size of this species population except that it has been detected in a number of surveys since its description (Smith 1921, Le 2011, Jodi Rowley unpubl. data). It was described as common on the Langbian Plateau (Smith 1921), has been recorded in large numbers since during the breeding season, when it harvested by the local people for food (Le 2011). This species population is likely in decline due to forest clearing for agricultural practices that are ongoing throughout parts of its range (Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008, Sodhi et al. 2009, Meyfroidt et al. 2013).
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Forest, Wetlands (inland)
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This species is associated with forest and has mostly been observed adjacent to streams (Le 2011). It reproduces in the dry season and breeding appears to be concentrated around December and January (Le 2011). The species is an explosive breeder; aggregations of up to 100 individuals have been observed during the breeding season (Le 2011). Amplexus normally occurs on leaf littler adjacent to streams, and large egg clutches are deposited directly into the water (Le 2011, Rowley et al. 2012). Much of the habitat throughout this species range is degraded by ongoing forest loss associated with agriculture and aquaculture (Stuart 2005, Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008, Sodhi et al. 2009, Le 2011, Meyfroidt et al. 2013) and it has been observed breeding in moderately to highly disturbed habitats (Le 2011).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) Suitable Yes
Threats
Agriculture & aquaculture
Annual & perennial non-timber crops
Biological resource use
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals
Threats in detail
THREATS
Habitat loss and degradation due to the effects of rapidly expanding agriculture is an ongoing threat to biodiversity throughout Southeast Asia (Sodhi et al. 2009). In the Central Highlands of Viet Nam large areas of forest are converted to agricultural land to grow cash crop plantations (e.g. rubber, coffee and tea) (Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008, Meyfroidt et al. 2013). Known breeding sites of this species are moderately to heavily disturbed by fishing practices and aquaculture; the forest and stream at one site in particular has been severely degraded by an adjacent salmon farm (Le 2011). Therefore this species is likely threatened to some extent by habitat loss. In addition, considerable numbers of this species are harvested during the breeding season for use as a food source (Le Thi Thuy Duong pers. comm. March 2012) which, combined with habitat loss, may be affecting its population.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
2.1.3. Agro-industry farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses 2.2. Species disturbance
Low Impact: 3
5. Biological resource use 5.1. Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is the target) Ongoing
2. Species Stresses 2.1. Species mortality
Low Impact: 3
Use and Trade
Food - human
Local: ?National: ?International: ?
Use and Trade in detail
USE AND TRADE
This species is harvested locally for subsistence in fairly large numbers during breeding season (Le Thi Thuy Duong pers. comm. March 2012). |
