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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: The species occurs as a native from Sri Lanka and Pakistan east through India, Nepal and Bangladesh to southern China and Japan and south through Indochina, the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia to Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Oceania and Australia (Philcox 1970, Harada et al. 1987, Yamazaki 1990, Cook 1996, Newman 2007, Ahmed et al. 2009, eFloras 2011). It is considered to be naturalised in Botswana, Madagascar, South Africa and Zimbabwe, as well as in Florida, Louisiana and Texas.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Australia; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); India (Assam, Goa, Jammu-Kashmir, Karaikal, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Mahé, Manipur, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Indonesia; Japan; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar (Myanmar (mainland)); Nepal; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea (main island group)); Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Viet Nam
Introduced:
Botswana; Madagascar; South Africa; United States (Florida, Louisiana, Texas); Zimbabwe
Additional data:
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 1800
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: There is little information available, however it is only known to occur sporadically in a few places in Bangladesh (Ahmed et al. 2009)
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: The species occurs in low-lying marshy areas, swamps, on the margins of ponds and in rice fields.
Systems: Terrestrial; Freshwater
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: The species is used as an antiseptic and a cure for dysentery. In India, the Lodha people use a paste of the plant made with Pongamia pinnata seed oil for treatment of elephantiasis. The Santal people apply fresh juice of the plant with ginger as an anthelmintic (Ahmed et al. 2009).
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): The main cause of decline in Bangladesh is loss of habitat (Ahmed et al. 2009), however the species is not threatened across its range.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Habitat protection is needed in Bangladesh (Ahmed et al. 2009).
Citation: Lansdown, R.V. 2014. Limnophila indica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T169024A45461779. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T169024A45461779.en. Downloaded on 03 August 2016.
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