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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Anax ephippiger is an obligate Afro-tropical migrant which expands north with the seasonal monsoon fronts. It may reach far to northern latitudes and has been found dead or dying in Iceland in the past. The winter/spring 2011 migration will remain one of the most famous in Europe as it reached a very large area in France and the UK and was even found in the Faroe Islands. The species is thus known from a huge range [one male was even captured in the French Guiana in South America some year ago (Machet and Duquef 2004)] and reproduce temporarily in the Palearctic (northern Africa, Europe, central and southern Asia ). The new generation leaves its native countries for unknown destinations. All the area in which the species reproduces successfully pertains to its range, although it doesnt occupy it all year round or every year.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Algeria; Angola (Angola, Angola); Armenia (Armenia); Bangladesh; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Chad; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte dIvoire; Cyprus; Egypt (Egypt (African part), Sinai); Eritrea; Ethiopia; France (Corsica, France (mainland)); Gambia; Ghana; India (Andaman Is., Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chattisgarh, Dadra-Nagar-Haveli, Daman, Darjiling, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkand, Karaikal, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Mahé, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Israel; Italy (Italy (mainland), Sardegna, Sicilia); Jordan; Kenya; Kuwait; Lebanon; Libya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip, Namibia (main part)); Niger; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Portugal (Madeira - Vagrant, Portugal (mainland)); Qatar; Russian Federation (Kabardino-Balkariya, Krasnodar, Stavropol); Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Somalia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North-West Province); South Sudan; Spain (Baleares, Canary Is., Spain (mainland)); Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland; Syrian Arab Republic; Tanzania, United Republic of; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey (Turkey-in-Asia, Turkey-in-Europe); Turkmenistan; Uganda; United Arab Emirates; Western Sahara; Yemen (North Yemen, Socotra, South Yemen); Zambia; Zimbabwe
Vagrant:
Afghanistan; Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Faroe Islands; French Guiana; Germany; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Kazakhstan; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Réunion; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom (Great Britain); Uzbekistan
Present - origin uncertain:
Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece (East Aegean Is. - Native, Greece (mainland) - Native, Kriti - Native); Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia (Serbia, Serbia); Slovenia; Ukraine (Krym, Ukraine (main part))
Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): No
Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): Yes
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2:
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
Continuing decline in number of locations: No
Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: Unknown
Upper elevation limit (metres): 2500
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: A common species, though no trend may be established. Huge seasonal swarms are known in the Palearctic with origins in tropical Africa and reproduction more northerly. Rate of reproduction in the Paleactic and further migrations is under the dependence of the wet season and the number of flooded temporary pools as well as the temperatures.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
?Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species breeds in any kind of temporary or permanent pond, pool and lake bordered with rushes and any other helophyte.
Systems: Terrestrial; Freshwater
Generation Length (years): 0-1
Movement patterns: Full Migrant
Congregatory: Congregatory (and dispersive)
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: There is no use or trade information for this species.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Anax ephippiger is not threatened at the global scale, although local declines may occur due to habitat destruction and water pollution.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This common widespread species does not require immediate conservation attention.
Citation: Subramanian, K. 2013. Anax ephippiger. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T59811A17522965. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T59811A17522965.en. Downloaded on 18 January 2016.
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