| Citation |
Bates, P., Csorba, G., Bumringsri, S., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Rosell-Ambal, G., Tabaranza, B., Heaney, L., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Myotis muricola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T14183A4416858. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14183A4416858.en. Downloaded on 04 July 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This widespread species has been recorded throughout much of northern South Asia, central and southern China and most of Southeast Asia. In South Asia, the species is presently known from Afghanistan (Balkh, Faryab, Kabul, Konarha and Kunduz provinces), Bhutan (no exact location, Das 2003), India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttaranchal and West Bengal), Nepal (Central Nepal) and Pakistan (North West Frontier Province and Punjab), and has been recorded between 1,230 and 2,700 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). It has been found in Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan in mainland China, and has been reported from the island of Taiwan (Smith and Xie 2008). In Southeast Asia, it appears to be present throughout the mainland and widespread in insular Southeast Asia being recorded from Indonesia (the Mentawi Islands, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Sulawesi, Ambon and Bunguran), the island of Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia), and throughout the Philippines, with records from Biliran, Busuanga, Leyte, Luzon (Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal and Kalinga Provinces [Heaney et al. 2004]), Maripipi, Negros (Heaney et al. 1998). Specimens from Culion Island and Camarines Sur Province (Luzon Island) previously referred to this species are now considered to represent Myotis ater (Heaney 2005). The specimen previously reported from Bukidnon, Mindanao is of uncertain identity (Heaney 2005). In the Philippines, it has been recorded from near sea level to 1,600 m asl (Rickart et al. 1993; Heaney et al. 2004).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Afghanistan; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Viet Nam
Additional data:
? Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: >2,000
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 2700
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: This is a common bat in Southeast Asia, and is particularly abundant at higher elevations (Sedlock pers. comm. 2006). In South Asia, the localities and the colonies are scattered with small populations per colony. A declining trend in the population is being observed (Molur et al. 2002). There is only a single record of this species from the island of Ambon, Indonesia.
Current Population Trend: Stable
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species is found in primary and secondary montane and lowland forests, scrub, secondary growth and gardens. It roosts either singly or in small groups of few individuals among tightly rolled leaves of the broad-leaved trees especially banana, also in caves and tree hollows. It is a fast and early flyer, with bats often encountered in the forest understory and in gaps along streams (Rickart et al. 1993; Molur et al. 2002; Heaney et al. 2004; P. Bates and G. Csorba pers. comm. 2006; Sedlock pers. comm. 2006; Smith and Xie 2008).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): In Southeast Asia, there are no major threats to this adaptable and widespread species as a whole, although some populations are locally threatened by habitat degradation (largely from mining and logging operations, and ongoing human settlement). In South Asia, the habitat of this species is being deforested for timber, firewood and conversion to agricultural use. This species is also considered to be locally threatened at some localities due to scientific collection for research purposes (Molur et al. 2002).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This species is presumably present in a number of Southeast Asian protected areas. In South Asia, although there are no direct conservation measures in place, the species has been recorded from protected areas like the Murree National Park in Pakistan and the Langtung National Park in Nepal (Molur et al. 2002). Further studies are needed on distribution, abundance, breeding biology, general ecology and population monitoring.
Citation: Bates, P., Csorba, G., Bumringsri, S., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Rosell-Ambal, G., Tabaranza, B., Heaney, L., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Myotis muricola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T14183A4416858. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14183A4416858.en. Downloaded on 24 August 2016.
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