| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2018. Ansonia latidisca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T54471A114916284. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T54471A114916284.en. Downloaded on 14 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia (Sarawak)
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
2
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,400 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,200 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
390.02
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is known only from two sites in the western corner of Borneo: the type locality on Gunung Damus, near Sambas, in Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Gunung Penrissen, in western Sarawak (Malaysia). It possibly occurs more widely than current records suggest; however it is not likely to occur more widely within Sarawak, as nearby mountains have been surveyed at similar elevations with no records to date (Y.M. Pui pers. comm. March 2018). It occurs from 1,200–1,400 m asl, its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 390 km2 and it occurs at two threat-defined locations.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
Unknown
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
Listed as one of the ‘World’s Top 10 Most Wanted Lost Frogs’ by the IUCN/SSC Global Amphibian Specialist Group and Conservation International, it had not been sighted since the 1920s (Inger 1966). In June 2011, an expedition to the higher elevations (>1,000 m asl) of Gunung Penrissen rediscovered three individuals (Pui et al. 2011). The species has been observed at least two additional times on Gunung Penrissen since then (Matsui et al. 2012). There have also been observations of this species in 2017: over two nights for the period of four hours, five to six individuals were observed (Y.M. Pui pers. comm. March 2018). Surveys over the course of one week in April 2017 failed to record the species at Gunung Damus (Mediyansyah pers. comm. May 2017). Due to ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat, the population is suspected to be decreasing.
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Wetlands (inland), Forest
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This species inhabits primary, hilly montane rainforest. Individuals are entirely arboreal, except juveniles that have been found near permanent streams. It is speculated that this species spawns in streams and have torrent-adapted tadpoles. If it is similar to other members of its genus, it is unlikely to be able to adapt to modified habitats.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) Suitable Yes
Threats
Residential & commercial development
Tourism & recreation areas
Agriculture & aquaculture
Annual & perennial non-timber crops
Biological resource use
Logging & wood harvesting
Human intrusions & disturbance
Recreational activities
Pollution
Agricultural & forestry effluents
Threats in detail
THREATS
The main threat to this species is habitat loss and degradation primarily as a result of logging. The area of Gunung Penrissen has a long history of agriculture, especially rice, although rubber and pepper are also grown in all except the steepest terrain (Min et al. 2011). The remaining suitable habitat within its range has almost entirely been converted for recreational use (one of the two known sites, Gunung Penrissen, has been converted into an 18-hole golf course and a 25 acre area of ‘flower garden and theme parks’), or converted to cultivated land, but there is still some suitable habitat available. An additional threat is the resultant sedimentation of streams (following logging) which results in the deterioration of breeding habitat.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
1. Residential & commercial development 1.3. Tourism & recreation areas Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
5. Biological resource use 5.3. Logging & wood harvesting 5.3.5. Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
6. Human intrusions & disturbance 6.1. Recreational activities Ongoing
2. Species Stresses 2.2. Species disturbance
9. Pollution 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.3.2. Soil erosion, sedimentation Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation |
