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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Apalharpactes reinwardtii is known from seven forested mountains in West Java, Indonesia: Gunung Halimun, Gunung Salak, Gunung Gede-Pangrango, Gunung Patuha-Tilu, Gunung Wayang, Gunung Papandayan and Ciwidey. There are only recent records from four of these (Halimun, Salak, Gede-Pangrango and Ciwidey), but it has also been recently reported from Mt. Slamet and Mt. Merapi (B. van Balen in litt. 2016), which would represent a considerable range extension. Although it has been stated to occur at 800-2,600 m, little forest remains below 1,000 m away from Halimun, and the species appears to be rarer at higher elevations. The only site where the species appears to be common is Gunung Halimun, although the species is frequently encountered on the main track at Gunung Gede-Pangrango. The population size of this species may be as low as a few hundred pairs (Collar and van Balen 2002), however the unusual vocalisation is easy to overlook and the species can be cryptic (C. Robson in litt. 2016).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Indonesia
Additional data:
? Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Yes
? Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No ? Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2: 1200
? Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown ? Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
? Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No ? Lower elevation limit (metres): 900
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 2500
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: The population size has been estimated to be as low as a few hundred pairs (Collar and van Balen 2002); however, it is easily overlooked, and there is still extensive forest east of Cibodas/Halimun that remains to be surveyed, thus it may be more common and widespread than recent observations suggest (B. van Balen in litt. 2013). It seems likely that considerably more than 250 mature individuals occupy each of the large areas of forest at Gunung Gede and Halimun (C. Robson in litt. 2013). The speciess population is therefore placed in the band for 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Trend Justification: Although much of the population may now be restricted to protected areas on Java, it is suspected to be continuing to decline at a moderate rate, owing to the on-going encroachment of forests by agriculture and urban development, as well as limited trapping pressure (A. A. Supriatna in litt. 2012, B. van Balen in litt. 2013).
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
? Number of mature individuals: 2500-9999 ? Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
? Extreme fluctuations: No ? Population severely fragmented: No
? No. of subpopulations: 2-100 ? Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No ? All individuals in one subpopulation: No
? No. of individuals in largest subpopulation: 1-89
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: It appears to favour mid-montane forest, where it feeds on a variety of invertebrates taken by aerial sallying or by perch-gleaning. It also feeds on fruit and will occasionally join mixed-species flocks (del Hoyo et al. 2001).
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Generation Length (years): 7.3
Movement patterns: Not a Migrant
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Forest loss, degradation and fragmentation, through widespread agricultural encroachment and localised development (e.g. holiday resorts and geothermal projects), are on-going threats in the speciess altitudinal range. It also appears to suffer limited trapping pressure (A. A. Supriatna in litt. 2012, B. van Balen in litt. 2013).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Conservation Actions Underway
The species has been recorded in Gunung Halimun and Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Parks.
Conservation Actions Proposed
Conduct further surveys for the species at all mountains potentially within its range to clarify its current distribution and population status. Propose key sites for designation as protected areas, or as extensions to existing reserves. Work with local authorities and relevant companies to minimise the impact of tourism and development projects on forested mountains within its range.
Citation: BirdLife International. 2016. Apalharpactes reinwardtii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682824A92962218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682824A92962218.en. Downloaded on 12 November 2018.
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