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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Recorded from China: Guangdong (Hainan Island, introduced?), Guangxi; SE Myanmar [Burma], Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Viet Nam. This species has a sporadic and uneven distribution throughout most of mainland southeast Asia. Consequently it has a very large extent of occurrence and its area of occupancy is likely to also be beyond the threshold for a threatened category. There are considerably more than ten locations although the population could be regarded as severely fragmented.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Cambodia; China (Guangdong - Present - Origin Uncertain, Guangxi, Hainan - Present - Origin Uncertain); Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam
Additional data:
? Lower elevation limit (metres): 1
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 1200
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: In the past this species was relatively common; past and ongoing exploitation coupled with changes in land-use and land management have reduced and fragmented the population.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
? Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
? Population severely fragmented: Yes
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Pinus latteri is a widespread species occurring from near sea level to ca. 1,200 m a.s.l., forming more or less open stands on old river terraces with sandy or gravelly soil or in seasonally dry hills. It is a fire-adapted species capable of surviving grass fires through a grass stage as a seedling and can invade open terrain especially in nutrient-poor soils. Its range is within the influence of SE monsoons, with mean annual precipitation around 1,500 mm in Myanmar and Thailand. It is also a constituent tree in dipterocarp forests (e.g. Dipterocarpus tuberculatus), especially in more open situations on drier sites of ridges and spurs in the hill country of Myanmar [Burma] and other countries in mainland SE Asia.
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Generation Length (years): 25
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: Tenasserim Pine is a timber tree used in SE Asia for light construction purposes. The wood is moderately hard and very resinous and only suitable for indoor applications when processed as sawn timber. Doors, window frames and flooring are common uses; some provenances can be put to veneers. Large quantities are nowadays used in the wood pulp industry, while charcoal burning is a more traditional use still current. It is also an important tree for resin tapping in some countries. In China, the resin of this species has some medicinal applications, e.g. in making ointments. This tropical pine has been introduced for afforestation in several countries in Africa, but the results have on the whole been unsatisfactory because of difficulties with raising it beyond the seedling stage in all situations where competition from other plants (weeds) is a factor
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Pinus latteri faces a range of threats within its range countries. In Viet Nam the majority of higher altitude forests have been heavily exploited for timber and resin. Lower altitude forests have also been exploited but conversion of forests for agriculture have had a greater impact. A recent assessment of its national status indicated that it should be regarded as Endangered (Nguyen et al. 2004). In Lao PDR natural stands have also been exploited for timber and resin. In some areas such as the Nakai plateau they have been impacted by the development of hydro-electric schemes (P. Thomas unpubl. data). A national conservation assessment has yet to be undertaken. In Cambodia many stands have been logged for timber, degraded through resin tapping or converted for agriculture. Nationally this species has been identified as a priority species in need of immediate conservation intervention and appropriate protection (CTSP 2004). A similar situation exists in Thailand. The status of the subpopulations in Myanmar is uncertain.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This species is present in several protected areas throughout its range (e.g. Phou Koay Kwai in Lao PDR, Kiriom National Park in Cambodia) although this does not necessarily guarantee protection from encroachment for agriculture or logging or resin extraction. It is also the subject of forestry based ex situ conservation in places like Thailand. A full range wide survey is needed to be sure that this species does not qualify for a more threatened listing.
Citation: Thomas, P. 2013. Pinus latteri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T34190A2850102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34190A2850102.en. Downloaded on 04 November 2016.
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