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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This widely distributed species ranges through much of South Asia, southern China and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, it is presently known from Bangladesh (Chittagong, Khulna and Sylhet divisions), India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal), Pakistan (Punjab and Sind) and Sri Lanka (Central, Eastern, Northern, North Central and Uva provinces) (Khan 2001, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2005, Das 2003, Vanitharani 2006, Korad et al. 2007). This taxon may probably also occur in Nepal (Srinivasulu et al. in press). In South Asia, it has been recorded from sea level to an elevation of 1,111 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). In China, it has been recorded from Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and is present on the island of Taiwan (Smith and Xie 2008). In Southeast Asia, it ranges from Myanmar in the west, through Thailand, Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia and possibly Singapore, to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumba, Flores, Savu and Sulawesi), the island of Timor (East Timor and Indonesia), Borneo (Kalimantan [Indonesia] and Sabah [Malaysia]), to the Philippines. In the Philippines, it is present throughout much of the country, being recorded from Bohol, Biliran, Carabao, Catanduanes, Cebu, Cuyo, Guimaras, Leyte, Luzon (Abra, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, La Union, Pampanga, Rizal, and Zambales provinces), Maripipi, Mindanao (Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Maguindanao, Misamis Oriental, and South Cotabato provinces), Negros, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Sibuyan, and Ticao (Lawrence 1939; Taylor 1934; Alcala and Alviola 1970; Heaney et al. 1998) where it occurs from sea level to 600 m (Heaney et al. 1998).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam
Additional data:
? Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: >2,000
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 1111
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: This is a common species with stable populations.
Current Population Trend: Stable
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This adaptable species is found in primary and secondary habitats, and in both rural and urban areas. It roosts in temples, caves, hollow trees, palm fronds, roofs, crevices, cracks and holes in the walls and on the roofs of old houses, dry leaves of trees in colonies of several hundred individuals. It is an early flyer and prefers to feed on hymenopterans and dipterans. One or two young ones are born after a gestation period of 105-115 days (Bates and Harrison 1997).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): There appear to be no major threats to this widespread species. In South Asia, disturbance to roosting sites might represent a local threat to some populations (Molur et al. 2002). In northeast Luzon (Philippines), it is eaten as an aphrodisiac (J.-C. Gonzales pers. comm. 2006).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This species has been recorded from many protected areas (eg. Satpura National Park in Madhya Pradesh, India). No direct conservation measures are currently needed for the species as a whole.
Citation: Bates, P., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Rosell-Ambal, G., Heaney, L., Gonzales, J.-C., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Scotophilus kuhlii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T20068A9142479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20068A9142479.en. Downloaded on 20 December 2016.
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