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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: The Lesser Crested Tern breeds in subtropical coastal parts of the world mainly from the Red Sea across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and Australia, with a significant population on the southern coast of the Mediterranean on two islands off the coast of Libya. Outside the breeding season it ranges on the north African coast (both Mediterranean and Atlantic), on much of the Indian Ocean nearby continents, and in the western Pacific north of Australia up to New Guinea and Vietnam1.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Algeria; Australia; Bahrain; Bangladesh; British Indian Ocean Territory; Brunei Darussalam; China; Comoros; Djibouti; Egypt; Eritrea; Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Kenya; Kuwait; Libya; Madagascar; Malaysia; Maldives; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Seychelles; Singapore; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tunisia; United Arab Emirates; Yemen
Regionally extinct:
Lebanon
Vagrant:
Austria; Cambodia; France; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Jordan; Netherlands; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Senegal; Switzerland; Turkey; Uganda; United Kingdom
Present - origin uncertain:
French Southern Territories; Philippines; Réunion; Solomon Islands; Viet Nam; Western Sahara
Additional data:
? Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No ? Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2: 41500000
? Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown ? Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
? Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Current Population Trend: Stable
Additional data:
? Continuing decline of mature individuals: Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations: No ? Population severely fragmented: No
? Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown
? Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No ? All individuals in one subpopulation: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: Behaviour The details of this speciess movements are poorly known although some breeding populations appear to be migratory (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The species breeds in large dense colonies of up to 20,000 pairs (del Hoyo et al. 1996) often with other species (del Hoyo et al. 1996). It is gregarious throughout the year, foraging in single- or mixed-species flocks up to 400 individuals (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). Habitat The species inhabits tropical and subtropical (del Hoyo et al. 1996) sandy and coral coasts and estuaries (Urban et al. 1986), breeding on low-lying offshore islands, coral flats, sandbanks (del Hoyo et al. 1996) and flat sandy beaches (Snow and Perrins 1998), foraging in the surf and over offshore waters (del Hoyo et al. 1996). Diet Its diet consists predominantly of small pelagic fish (Urban et al. 1986, del Hoyo et al. 1996) and shrimps (del Hoyo et al. 1996). Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape (del Hoyo et al. 1996) on ridges or bare areas surrounded by vegetation (del Hoyo et al. 1996) on flat sandy beaches (Snow and Perrins 1998), low-lying sandy islands, coral flats, small coral islets and sandbanks (del Hoyo et al. 1996).
Systems: Terrestrial; Marine
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Unknown
Generation Length (years): 11
Movement patterns: Full Migrant
Congregatory: Congregatory (and dispersive)
Citation: BirdLife International. 2016. Thalasseus bengalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22694561A104369516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22694561A104369516.en. Downloaded on 20 January 2017.
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