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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This species is known from southern Thailand (Taylor, 1962), Peninsular Malaysia (and Tioman Island) (Dring, 1979, Manthey and Grossmann, 1997), Singapore (Leong 2000), from two localities in Borneo (Malaysia) and from three localities in Sumatra, Indonesia and Siberut in the Mentawais. It probably occurs more widely than current records suggest, especially in areas between known sites. It is a lowland species occurring between 100 and 800m asl.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore; Thailand
Additional data:
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: It is a difficult to find species, evidenced by the small number of records, and its discovery in well-surveyed Singapore as late as the year 2000 (Leong, 2000).
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: The few known specimens were encountered in lowland rainforest. Eggs are placed above water-filled cavities in trees. One group of tadpoles was found in a water-containing hole in the trunk of a large tree. It is a microhabitat specialist of old-growth primary forest.
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): The main impacts have been the extensive logging and clearing of lowland rainforest throughout the species known range.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Of the two known occurrences in protected areas in mainland Southeast Asia (Bukit Timah, Singapore, and Templers Park, Malaysia), only one protected area is reasonably free from degradation. Securing the integrity of Templers Park, designating Gunung Lawit as a protected area if suitable forest remains, and surveys and biological studies are all recommended. In Borneo, the known locality is in the Danum Conservation Area.
Citation: Peter Paul van Dijk, Robert Inger, Norsham Yaakob, Leong Tzi Ming. 2004. Theloderma horridum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T59035A11873218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59035A11873218.en. Downloaded on 03 July 2017.
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