| Citation |
Bates, P., Francis, C., Rosell-Ambal, G., Heaney, L., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Tylonycteris pachypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T22577A9377719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T22577A9377719.en. Downloaded on 05 July 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This species has been recorded from southern and northeastern South Asia, southern China, and much of Southeast Asia. In South Asia, this species is widely distributed and is presently known from Bangladesh (Chittagong and Sylhet divisions) (Khan 2001; Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2005) and India (Andaman Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal) (Das 2003; Molur et al. 2002). It has been recorded from sea level to an elevation of 1,262 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). In China, it has been recorded from Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hong Kong (Smith and Xie 2008). In Southeast Asia, it ranges from Myanmar in the west, through Thailand, Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia and possibly Singapore, to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Seram), the island of Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia), to the Philippines where it probably occurs throughout the country, but has been recorded from sea level to 500 m asl (Balete pers. comm. 2006) from Calauit, Culion, Luzon (Rizal Province and Zambales [Balete pers. comm. 2006]) and Palawan (Heaney et al. 1998).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia; Lao Peoples Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam
Additional data:
? Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: >2,000
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 1262
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: This species is generally common over most of its range.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species is found in prime tropical deciduous forests with extensive bamboo growth, and has been recorded from lowland agricultural areas and disturbed habitats (Heaney et al. 1998; Esselstyn et al. 2004). It prefers to roost in internodal spaces of hollow bamboo and narrow crevices in other trees. The roosting site is located 0.25 to 10 m from the ground. It is a gregarious species and roosts in groups of up to 40 individuals. It feeds on termites. The breeding season coincides with abundance of insect prey and two young are born (Bates and Harrison 1997; Smith and Xie 2008).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): There are no major threats to this species as a whole. In South Asia, this species is threatened by deforestation, generally resulting from commercial logging operations and the conversion of land to agricultural and other uses. It is also threatened due to disturbance to roosting sites by humans (A. Madhavan pers. comm. January 2002, Molur et al. 2002).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: This species has been recorded in many protected areas in Southeast Asia. In South Asia, although there are no direct conservation measures in place, the species has been recorded from protected areas in India like Satpura National Park in Madhya Pradesh and Agasthiyamalai Biosphere Reserve in Tamil Nadu (Vanitharani 2006). Within South Asia, further studies are needed into the distribution, abundance, breeding biology, general ecology and effect of pesticide overuse on this species. Public awareness activities need to be taken up highlighting the importance of this species in the agricultural ecosystem as the controller of insect pests (Molur et al. 2002).
Citation: Bates, P., Francis, C., Rosell-Ambal, G., Heaney, L., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Tylonycteris pachypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T22577A9377719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T22577A9377719.en. Downloaded on 07 February 2017.
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