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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: This species occurs in mountain streams in Western Borneo, from Sabah to South Kalimantan (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2001). At present it is only known from the type locality, Sabah, east Malaysia, Borneo and one other location in south-west Indonesian Borneo (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010). Its area of occupancy is estimated to measure less than 500 km².
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia (Sabah)
Additional data:
? Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2: 400-500 ? Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Yes
? Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2:
? Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Yes
? Number of Locations: 2
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: The distribution of this species is highly fragmented, however where it occurs it could be locally abundant (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010).
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species requires well-oxygenated, small, clear mountain streams, preferring rocky or pebble substrates. It is mainly found in mud, on stones, or under leaves and therefore is only present in remnant patches of rainforest (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2001, F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010).
Systems: Freshwater
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Slash-and-burn agriculture has been used extensively in the forests of Borneo, and contributes to a high (>300,000 ha per annum) rate of deforestation on the island. This has detrimental effects (e.g., sedimentation, soil erosion, loss of riparian habitat) on stream habitats and communities (Iwata et al. 2003). Deforestation has been most extensive in the east and south of the island, and this is projected to spread further inland towards the central highland area (Ahlenius 2007). The rivers in logged habitats are not suitable for this species due to change in flow, quality and substrate composition (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010).
Protected areas (PAs, e.g., Gunung Palung National Park (GPNP) in West Kalimantan) have also seen extremely high rates of deforestation by timber concessions, with further degradation from oil palm plantations. GPNP lost 38% of its forest between 1988 and 2002, at rates of nearly 10% a year. Across West Kalimantan, lowland PAs were reduced by 63% from 1985 to 2001, primarily by intensive logging, while Kalimantans other provinces saw a 48% reduction in forest cover over the same period (Curran et al. 2004).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for this species, although its range falls within some protected areas (e.g., Taman Negara National Park). However, even within protected areas in Borneo extensive deforestation has been documented (Curran et al. 2004). Therefore presence within such an area can not be used as a guarantee of protection. The impact of deforestation is potentially a serious threat to populations of this species, and the study of this, as well as its population size and range, is a priority for this species.
Citation: Rintelen, T. 2011. Brotia pageli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T188883A8657357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T188883A8657357.en. Downloaded on 11 February 2019.
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