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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: Buceros hydrocorax is endemic to the Philippines where it occurs on Luzon and Marinduque (Collar et al. 1999). It is still patchily common, notably in the Sierra Madre mountains, though it has been reported to have declined drastically (del Hoyo et al. 2001). It may now barely persist on Marinduque (J-C. Gonzalez in litt. 2013). Remaining strongholds are the Sierra Madre and the Cordillera (J-C. Gonzalez in litt. 2013, J. Ibanez in litt. 2014).
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Philippines
Additional data:
? Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Yes
? Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No ? Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) - km2: 197000
? Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Yes ? Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
? Continuing decline in number of locations: Yes
? Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 760
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: The population size of this species has not been quantified, but it has been described as locally common.
Trend Justification: Data on precise population trends are lacking, but a rapid decline over three generations (c.55 years) is suspected as a result of widespread habitat loss and degradation, as well as mortality from hunting and trapping.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Additional data:
? Number of mature individuals: Unknown ? Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
? Extreme fluctuations: No ? Population severely fragmented: No
? Continuing decline in subpopulations: Yes
? Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No ? All individuals in one subpopulation: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: This species occurs largely in primary evergreen dipterocarp forests up to 400 m, but also uses secondary forest and has been recorded at 760 m on Mt. Isarog on Luzon (Kemp 1995). Habitat destruction has greatly reduced the extent of suitable habitat within the species range, for example a loss of over 70% of forest cover on Luzon (del Hoyo et al. 2001).
Systems: Terrestrial
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Generation Length (years): 18.4
Movement patterns: Not a Migrant
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): This species suffers from substantial hunting pressure and widespread loss of habitat as a result of logging and conversion to agriculture. Continued subsistence hunting and felling of remnant dipterocarp forests for agriculture are thought to be further depressing population numbers, and the range is now highly fragmented and likely suffering from an acute lack of suitable nesting trees, at least in parts of the range (J-C. Gonzalez in litt. 2013, J. Ibanez in litt. 2014).
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: Conservation and research actions underway
CITES Appendix II.
Conservation and research actions proposed
Monitor populations across the range to determine the magnitude of declines and rates of range contraction. Campaign for the protection of remaining tracts of lowland forest throughout the range. Ensure any conservation strategies address lack of suitable nesting sites. Build on local ecological knowledge to enhance local engagement to hornbill conservation (J. Ibanez in litt. 2014).
Citation: BirdLife International. 2016. Buceros hydrocorax. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22727019A94938466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727019A94938466.en. Downloaded on 12 February 2019.
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