| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2018. Chiromantis nauli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T89187048A95510671. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T89187048A95510671.en. Downloaded on 07 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Indonesia (Sumatera)
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
2
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,000 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
900 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
888.1
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is known from its type locality, Teluk Nauli, Sibolga, and Mt. Sinabung, both in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from 900–1,000 m asl (Riyanto and Kurniati 2014, D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). Its estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 888 km2 and all individuals occur in two threat-defined locations.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
This species is known only from seven individuals (Riyanto and Kurniati 2014, D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). Due to ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat, the population is suspected to be decreasing.
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Forest
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
It inhabits both primary and secondary lowland and lower montane forest. The holotype was found in a secondary forest which was selectively logged for ten years until 2002 (Riyanto and Kurniati 2014) and an additional six individuals were found in primary forest at Mt. Sinabung (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). It appears to be tolerant of a slight degree of habitat disturbance. Its breeding strategy is unknown.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Suitable Yes
1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
Threats
Agriculture & aquaculture
Annual & perennial non-timber crops
Geological events
Volcanoes
Threats in detail
THREATS
Mt. Sinabung is an active volcano and currently represents a major threat to the subpopulation occurring at that site (D. Iskandar pers. comm. 2017). It had its first confirmed holocene eruption in 2010 and eruptions have been almost continuous since then, with the most recent large explosion in August 2017 (Global Volcanism Program 2017). Ash plumes, block avalanches, and pyroclastic flows have been destroying the forest on the southern and eastern flanks of the volcano since the first eruption in 2010 (Global Volcanism Program 2017). There is no information on specific threats to the species at the type locality (H. Kurniati pers. comm. May 2017), however satellite imagery shows oil palm plantations, small-scale agriculture, and grazing activities taking place and encroaching into forest habitat within 1-2 km of the type locality; agricultural activities are also evident in images of the base of Mt. Sinabug (Global Forest Watch 2018).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.3. Agro-industry farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
10. Geological events 10.1. Volcanoes Ongoing
2. Species Stresses 2.1. Species mortality
2.2. Species disturbance |
