| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2019. Philautus kerangae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T58861A114925103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T58861A114925103.en. Downloaded on 08 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Malaysia (Sarawak)
Presence Uncertain
Indonesia (Sumatera)
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
2
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,200 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
200 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
14286.37
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is only known from two widely separated areas of Gunung Mulu National Park and Santubong National Park, Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia), where it occurs between 200-1,200 m asl. It is known from two threat-defined locations and its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 14,286 km2. There is also a record from Sumatra in Indonesia, which has tentatively been assigned to this species (Wostl et al. 2017). However, until this record has been confirmed, it is not included in the distribution map or in the EOO calculation.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
No
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
This species is common, difficult to observe, but commonly heard near dense vegetation (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018). Due to ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat in Santubong National Park, the population is suspected to be decreasing.
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Forest, Wetlands (inland)
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This species occurs in lowland kerangas forest and in lower montane forest, associated with pitcher plants (Inger et al. 2017). Males call from leaves and twigs in the vicinity of these plants between 1.5-5 m off the ground (Inger et al. 2017). It is closely associated with Nepenthes plants and eggs are deposited in their pitchers. Breeding is by direct development, and its advertisement call is described by Inger et al. (2017). Males are 32-34 mm in size, whereas the female is 43 mm (Inger et al. 2017).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Suitable Yes
1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands Suitable Yes
Threats
Residential & commercial development
Housing & urban areas
Tourism & recreation areas
Natural system modifications
Dams & water management/use
Threats in detail
THREATS
The habitat in Santubong National Park faces encroachment from housing and tourism development which is causing the drainage of peat swamp habitat. It has only been recently gazetted (in the last 2-3 years) and there is no current infrastructure or field staff in place, so it is not well protected at present (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018). As well as the current threats, there is also ongoing pressure for the development of a cable car within the park (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018). The subpopulation within Gunung Mulu National Park is well protected and not threatened at present (Y.M. Pui and I. Das pers. comm. March 2018).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
1. Residential & commercial development 1.1. Housing & urban areas Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
1.3. Tourism & recreation areas Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
7. Natural system modifications 7.2. Dams & water management/use 7.2.1. Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
7.2.2. Abstraction of surface water (commercial use) Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation |
