| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2015. Leptolalax applebyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T192931A2180016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T192931A2180016.en. Downloaded on 10 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Viet Nam
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
2
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,722 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,312 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
244.85
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is known only from two localities between 1,312-1,722 m asl within Song Thanh Proposed Nature Reserve, Phouc Son District, Quang Nam Province (Rowley and Cao 2009; Rowley unpubl. data), and Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Dak Glei District, Kon Tum Province (Rowley et al. 2010a), Viet Nam. Further surveys could result in an expansion of this range, however it is likely that the species is restricted to high elevations, as intensive surveys at lower elevations in both protected areas during the breeding season have failed to detect the species (Rowley and Cao 2009). Specific records of the species within each of the two known localities are spatially clumped and separated by a valley with a river, thus it is thought to occur in only two threat-defined locations and have an estimated extent of occurrence of 245 km2.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
No
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
Very little information is known on the population size and trends of this species, other than that it was described from five specimens from the Quang Nam locality (Rowley and Cao 2009), and was observed again the following year in relative abundance at the Kon Tum locality (Rowley et al. 2010a). However, due to ongoing habitat loss the population is suspected to be decreasing. Additionally, while the topography and hydrology of the area suggest that gene flow between the two locations is unlikely, very small distributions are common in this genus and this species is probably not severely fragmented.
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Wetlands (inland), Forest
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This species is closely associated with steep terrain in and around rocky stream headwaters within undisturbed montane evergreen forest and has not been observed more than 2 m away from water (Rowley and Cao 2009, Rowley et al. 2010a). Similar but disturbed habitat can be found outside of the protected sites from which the species is known and may also be used by it (J. Rowley pers. comm. February 2014). Much of its reproductive biology remains unknown, including the eggs and larvae, however males have been observed calling in March and July (Rowley and Cao 2009, Rowley unpubl. data).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) Suitable Yes
Threats
Agriculture & aquaculture
Annual & perennial non-timber crops
Biological resource use
Logging & wood harvesting
Threats in detail
THREATS
The known habitat of this species lies within protected areas and is remote and steep enough that immediate deforestation risk is probably low (Rowley and Cao 2009), however habitat loss and degradation remains a threat, particularly in forest remaining outside of protected areas, and may affect its population (J. Rowley pers. comm. February 2014).
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.3. Agro-industry farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects
2. Species Stresses 2.1. Species mortality
2.2. Species disturbance
2.3. Indirect species effects 2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
Unknown Unknown Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.3. Logging & wood harvesting 5.3.3. Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses 2.2. Species disturbance
Unknown Unknown Unknown
Use and Trade
Use and Trade in detail |
