| Citation |
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2018. Limnonectes ferneri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T42863484A42863493. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T42863484A42863493.en. Downloaded on 10 May 2019. |
Description |
Geographic Range
NATIVE
Extant (resident)
Philippines
NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
2-3
UPPER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,409 metres
LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT
1,000 metres
UPPER DEPTH LIMIT
LOWER DEPTH LIMIT
Geographic Range in detail
ESTIMATED AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO) (KM²)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN AREA OF OCCUPANCY (AOO)
ESTIMATED EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO) (KM²)
1858.45
CONTINUING DECLINE IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE (EOO)
CONTINUING DECLINE IN NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF LOCATIONS
RANGE DESCRIPTION
This species is only known from Simulaw River Drainage on Mount Pasian, Monkayo municipality, Davao Del Norte Province (Siler et al. 2009) and Mount Hamiguitan in Davao Del Sur Province, on Mindanao Island, Philippines (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). The elevational range of known records is 1,000–1,409 m asl. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 1,858 km2 and it is considered to occur in three threat-defined locations.
Population
CURRENT POPULATION TREND
Decreasing
NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION SEVERELY FRAGMENTED
CONTINUING DECLINE OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS
Population in detail
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS
NO. OF SUBPOPULATIONS
CONTINUING DECLINE IN SUBPOPULATIONS
EXTREME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUBPOPULATIONS
ALL INDIVIDUALS IN ONE SUBPOPULATION
NO. OF INDIVIDUALS IN LARGEST SUBPOPULATION
DESCRIPTION
This species is known from three individuals (two males and a female) which were collected in 1994 (Siler et al. 2009) and individuals collected in 2016 on Mount Hamiguitan, where the species was found to be abundant in flowing mountain streams (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). Due to ongoing decline in the extent and quality of habitat, the population is suspected to be decreasing.
Habitat and Ecology
SYSTEM
Terrestrial, Freshwater (=Inland waters)
HABITAT TYPE
Forest, Wetlands (inland)
GENERATION LENGTH (YEARS)
CONGREGATORY
MOVEMENT PATTERNS
Not a Migrant
CONTINUING DECLINE IN AREA, EXTENT AND/OR QUALITY OF HABITAT
Yes
Habitat and Ecology in detail
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY
This aquatic species has been found in fast and slow-flowing mountain streams in montane forest. It perches on rocks and has also been observed on the muddy river banks in disturbed primary forest (from selective logging) of the PICOP forest reserve (Siler et al. 2009). Breeding occurs by larval development in streams.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Habitats Suitability Major importance
1. Forest 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Suitable Yes
5. Wetlands (inland) 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) Suitable Yes
Threats
Residential & commercial development
Housing & urban areas
Agriculture & aquaculture
Annual & perennial non-timber crops
Biological resource use
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals
Logging & wood harvesting
Pollution
Agricultural & forestry effluents
Threats in detail
THREATS
Much of Mindanao Island has become highly disturbed due to logging, and many species may be restricted to the few small patches of primary forest remaining on the mountain peaks throughout the region (Siler and Brown pers. observation in Siler et al. 2009). The major threat is the destruction and conversion of both lowland and montane rainforest habitat on Mindanao due to small-scale agricultural activities, large-scale oil palm plantations, wood collection for charcoal production, and expanding human settlements (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). In addition, the quality of its stream habitat is subject to pollution due to agricultural effluents and soil erosion (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). It is used for local subsistence.
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
Threats Timing Stresses Scope Severity Impact score Invasive species Virus
1. Residential & commercial development 1.1. Housing & urban areas Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
2.1.3. Agro-industry farming Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
5. Biological resource use 5.1. Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is the target) Ongoing
2. Species Stresses 2.1. Species mortality
Low Impact: 3
5.3. Logging & wood harvesting 5.3.1. Intentional use: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
9. Pollution 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.3.1. Nutrient loads Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
9.3.2. Soil erosion, sedimentation Ongoing
1. Ecosystem stresses 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Low Impact: 3
Use and Trade
Use and Trade in detail
USE AND TRADE
The species is harvested for local human consumption.
Conservation Actions
In-place land/water protection
Occurs in at least one protected area : Yes
Conservation Actions in detail
CONSERVATION ACTIONS
Conservation Actions
This species occurs in the Mount Hamiguitan Range.
Conservation Needed
Despite being present in a protected area, the species is still threatened by the continuing decline in the quality and extent of its habitat. Therefore, required conservation measures include the effective protection of remaining rainforest, especially riverine habitats and gallery forests, and regulation and proper disposal of pesticides and herbicides.
Research Needed
Further surveys in the forested regions of Mindanao are required to determine the full geographic range of this species, and provide a more informed conservation assessment of this species (Siler et al. 2009). |
