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Description |
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description: The species is known from four specimens from two widely separated localities. It has been recorded from Deli, Deli Serdang District, the east coast of North Sumatra and from Nias Island. west of North Sumatra Province. Both localities are in the lowlands (less than 100 m asl.)
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Indonesia (Sumatera)
Additional data:
? Number of Locations: 2
? Upper elevation limit (metres): 99
Range Map: Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
Population [top]
Population: As the species was described based on four specimens and not recorded afterwards, the status of the population remains unknown. It is likely to have declined or been lost from historical localities due to deforestation for plantations. As most of the primary forest was lost prior to the 1940s, and the full distribution of this species in Sumatra is unclear, the timing and rate of declines are unknown.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Additional data:
? Population severely fragmented: No
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology: The species has been recorded living in leaf litter in lowland forest, and therefore requires forest habitat with some degree of canopy cover. It is unknown whether it can survive in tree plantations (e.g. rubber) where some canopy remains.
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade: This species is not used or traded.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s): Forest conversion to oil palm plantation is extensive in North Sumatra, while the known site in Deli is now a tobacco plantation (D.T. Iskandar pers. comm. March 2012). On Nias, the forest is practically gone (D.T. Iskandar pers obs. March 2012), due to conversion to rubber plantation that predates 1941 (i.e. during the Dutch colonial period). It is not clear whether this snake can survive in the plantation habitat, however these plantations themselves are now under pressure from the development of more profitable crops including oil palm and banana (D.T. Iskandar pers. comm. March 2012), which potentially pose a risk to any remaining subpopulation on Nias.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions: The species is not known to exist in protected areas. More extensive survey work is needed to establish its true distribution and to establish its ecological requirements and sensitivity to threats, especially its ability to survive within oil palm plantations.
Citation: Inger, R.F. & Iskandar, D. 2012. Calamaria forcarti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T192030A2030670. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192030A2030670.en. Downloaded on 26 February 2019.
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